24. To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation Concerning the Reform of the Christian Estate (1520) The year 1520 was a watershed for Luther. On June 15, Pope Leo X had issued his bull Exsurge Domine condemning Luther’s teaching. Luther’s To the Christian Nobility appeared in August, and The Babylonian Captivity of the Church, an attack on the sacramental system, was published in October. Then in early November came the pièce de résistance, his The Freedom of a Christian. Here, in To the Christian
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